Einmaliges Naturphänomen
Warum sich dieser See jedes Jahr rosa färbt
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Jedes Jahr im August spielt sich im fernen Sibirien dasselbe Schauspiel ab: Das Wasser des Sees Burlinskoye färbt sich rosa. Das Naturphänomen sieht nicht nur schön aus. Es soll auch heilsame Kräfte haben.
Mal ist er stahlgrau, mal purpurrot und mal rosa: Der See Burlinskoye im Altai-Gebiet verändert je nach Wetterlage das ganze Jahr über seine Farbe. Und wenn die Temperaturen im Juli und August auch in Sibirien steigen, nimmt das Wasser einen seiner schönsten Rosatöne an. Um das Naturphänomen zu bewundern, reisen Tausende von Touristen aus der gesamten Region an.
Aber was ist der Grund für das Schauspiel ?
Eine Alge namens Dunaliella salina ist die Ursache für diese außergewöhnliche rosa Färbung. Sie gehört zu den wenigen Organismen, die auch in stark salzigem Wasser überleben können. Der Burlinskoye-See ist die größte Salzlagerstätte in ganz Westsibirien. Sein Wasser ist sogar noch salziger als das des Toten Meeres. Außer der Dunaliella salina überlebt hier nicht viel im Wasser.
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Normalerweise ist die Alge grün. Steigen aber die Temperaturen, entwickelt der Mikroorganismus ein zweites Photosynthesesystem, um das Sonnenlicht zu verarbeiten. Bei dem Prozess ist Dunaliella salina auf die Beta-Carotin angewiesen. Der Stoff ist etwa auch in Karotten enthalten und färbt diese orange. Verdünnt wirkt es rosa.
Alge mit heilsamer Wirkung
Die Alge färbt nicht nur das Wasser rosa, sondern auch das darin enthaltene Salz. Dem wird übrigens eine heilsame Wirkung nachgesagt. Ein Bad in dem rosa Wasser soll gegen zahlreiche Hautkrankheiten helfen. Die russische Zarin Katharina die Große hat sogar einmal erklärt, sich mit nichts anderem ihr Gesicht reinigen zu wollen als mit dem Salz aus dem Burlinskoye-See.
Damals sammelte man das kostbare Gut mit Hilfe von Kamelen vom Boden des Sees. Heute erledigen das Traktoren auf Unterwasser-Schienen. Tonnenweise wird es exportiert, vor allem in den asiatischen Raum, wo die Alge ein wichtiger Nahrungsbestandteil ist. Dort ist sie als Lieferant für natürliches Beta-Carotin bekannt und wird auch in Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln eingesetzt. Beta-Carotin ist die Vorstufe des lebenswichtigen Vitamin A.
Die einzigartige Alge kommt nicht nur in dem sibirischen Gewässer vor, sondern auch in Australien und Kanada. Seit einigen Jahren wird sie sogar künstlich gezüchtet.
ivi